Read each question, consider the options, then reveal the correct answer and explanation.
100 MCQs10 per page7 of 10
MCQ 61Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891
Why does Section 2(2) distinguish between clause (a) (companies) and clause (b) (partnerships/individuals) in defining 'bank'?
There is no meaningful distinction; both clauses operate identically
Because clause (b) applies only to sole proprietors, never partnerships
Because clause (a) applies only to foreign companies
Because companies are automatically covered by virtue of carrying on banking business, whereas partnerships/individuals require a specific extension under Section 3 before qualifying
Correct answerD — Because companies are automatically covered by virtue of carrying on banking business, whereas partnerships/individuals require a specific extension under Section 3 before qualifying
Explanation
Clause (a) automatically covers 'any company carrying on the business of bankers' without further formality, reflecting the assumption that incorporated banking companies are inherently substantial and reliable enough for the Act's evidentiary regime. Clause (b), by contrast, only covers partnerships or individuals once the Provincial Government has affirmatively extended the Act to their books under Section 3 — a screening step not required for companies.
MCQ 62Drugs Act, 1976
Under Section 9(1), what is the primary function of the Appellate Board?
Setting national drug prices directly
Prosecuting criminal offences under the Act
Disposal of appeals by persons aggrieved by decisions of the Central Licensing Board, Registration Board, licensing authority, or a delegate body under Section 12, and revision of such decisions on its own motion
Manufacturing quality-control inspections
Correct answerC — Disposal of appeals by persons aggrieved by decisions of the Central Licensing Board, Registration Board, licensing authority, or a delegate body under Section 12, and revision of such decisions on its own motion
Explanation
Section 9(1) establishes the Appellate Board 'for the disposal of appeals preferred by persons aggrieved by any decision of the Central Licensing Board or the Registration Board or the licensing authority or a Board or Authority to which the powers of the Federal Government under section 12 have been delegated... and for revision of any such decision on its own motion' — a centralized appellate mechanism reviewing multiple first-instance regulatory bodies.
MCQ 63Federal Investigation Agency Act, 1974
Under Section 2(e), how is 'public servant' defined for purposes of the FIA Act, 1974?
Only employees directly on the federal payroll
Only elected members of Parliament
As defined in section 21 of the Pakistan Penal Code, and including employees of corporations or bodies set up, controlled, or administered by or under the authority of the Federal Government
Only members of the judiciary
Correct answerC — As defined in section 21 of the Pakistan Penal Code, and including employees of corporations or bodies set up, controlled, or administered by or under the authority of the Federal Government
Explanation
Section 2(e) adopts the Pakistan Penal Code's definition of 'public servant' (Section 21, Act XLV of 1860) as its base, and then expressly extends it to include 'an employee of any corporation or other body or organization set up, controlled or administered by, or under the authority of, the Federal Government' — broadening the FIA's jurisdictional reach beyond narrowly defined government officials to cover federal-linked corporate and statutory bodies.
MCQ 64Federal Investigation Agency Act, 1974
Comparing the Director-General's delegation power under Section 7 with the Federal Government's Schedule-amendment power under Section 6, what key procedural difference exists between them?
Both powers require Parliamentary approval before taking effect
There is no difference; both require identical procedures
Section 6 requires action by Gazette notification, a public and formal instrument, while Section 7 requires only an internal order in writing by the Director-General, with no Gazette publication requirement
Section 7 requires Gazette notification, while Section 6 requires only an internal memo
Correct answerC — Section 6 requires action by Gazette notification, a public and formal instrument, while Section 7 requires only an internal order in writing by the Director-General, with no Gazette publication requirement
Explanation
Section 6 explicitly requires the Federal Government to act 'by notification in the official Gazette' — a public, formally published instrument — whereas Section 7 only requires the Director-General to act 'by order in writing,' an internal administrative instrument with no stipulated public notification requirement, reflecting the different scale and public-facing nature of the two powers (jurisdiction-defining versus internal operational delegation).
MCQ 65Federal Investigation Agency Act, 1974
Under Section 5(3), what specific power is given to a Sub-Inspector-rank-or-above member of the Agency who is authorized by the Director-General?
The power to arrest without warrant any person who has committed, or is reasonably suspected of having committed, any offence referred to in Section 3(1)
The power to sentence convicted offenders
The power to grant bail
The power to dissolve a company under investigation
Correct answerA — The power to arrest without warrant any person who has committed, or is reasonably suspected of having committed, any offence referred to in Section 3(1)
Explanation
Section 5(3) provides that, 'without prejudice to the generality' of sub-sections (1) and (2), an authorized member not below Sub-Inspector rank 'may arrest without warrant any person who has committed, or against whom a reasonable suspicion exists that he has committed, any of the offences referred to in sub-section (1) of section 3' — i.e., Schedule offences — provided the Director-General has specifically authorized that member for this purpose.
MCQ 66Drugs Act, 1976
Under Section 7(11), on what grounds may the Registration Board cancel or suspend a drug's registration, after affording the registrant an opportunity to show cause?
Only upon a court order, with no independent Board discretion
Registration procured by fraud/misrepresentation, changed circumstances, violation of registration conditions, or where necessary in the public interest
Only if the manufacturer changes its company name
Only if the drug's price increases
Correct answerB — Registration procured by fraud/misrepresentation, changed circumstances, violation of registration conditions, or where necessary in the public interest
Explanation
Section 7(11) lists four grounds: (a) the registration was procured by fraud or misrepresentation; (b) the circumstances in which the drug was registered no longer exist; (c) there has been a violation of the registration conditions; or (d) cancellation/suspension is necessary in the public interest — each subject to the procedural safeguard of affording the affected person 'an opportunity of showing cause against the action proposed to be taken.'
MCQ 67Copyright Ordinance, 1962
Under Section 6(1), when is a work deemed to be 'first published in Pakistan' despite simultaneous publication elsewhere?
Only if the author is physically present in Pakistan at the time of publication
Only if publication in Pakistan strictly precedes publication anywhere else in the world
Never; simultaneous publication always defeats Pakistani first-publication status
If published in Pakistan, notwithstanding simultaneous publication in another country, unless that other country provides a shorter copyright term, and simultaneity is defined as publication within thirty days of each other
Correct answerD — If published in Pakistan, notwithstanding simultaneous publication in another country, unless that other country provides a shorter copyright term, and simultaneity is defined as publication within thirty days of each other
Explanation
Section 6(1) provides that Pakistan-published works are deemed 'first published in Pakistan' even with simultaneous foreign publication (defined as within thirty days), 'unless such other country provides a shorter term of copyright for such work' — a rule protecting Pakistani-published works from being disadvantaged by simultaneous international release, subject to a comparative-term exception resolved by the Board under Section 6(2) if disputed.
MCQ 68Federal Investigation Agency Act, 1974
Which section of the FIA Act, 1974 most directly reflects the tension between federal-level operational reach and provincial-level policing institutions?
Section 8
Section 2(h)
Section 1
Section 5(1), which grants Agency members Provincial-Police-equivalent powers 'throughout Pakistan,' cutting across normal provincial policing boundaries
Correct answerD — Section 5(1), which grants Agency members Provincial-Police-equivalent powers 'throughout Pakistan,' cutting across normal provincial policing boundaries
Explanation
Section 5(1) is the clearest expression of this tension: by granting FIA members the same search, arrest, and seizure powers Provincial Police officers exercise, but doing so 'throughout Pakistan' rather than confined to a single province, the Act deliberately creates a federal investigative body capable of operating across provincial boundaries — a structural feature central to the Agency's role in inter-provincial and specialized federal crime.
MCQ 69Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891
What is the overall structural logic connecting Sections 4, 5, and 6 of the Act?
They are unrelated provisions with no common theme
Section 4 fixes the evidentiary value of certified copies, Section 5 shields non-party banks from being compelled to testify or produce books directly, and Section 6 provides the court-supervised mechanism for obtaining inspection or certified copies when needed
They apply exclusively to criminal proceedings under the Anti-Terrorism Act, 1997
Section 4 governs costs, Section 5 governs definitions, and Section 6 governs the Act's territorial extent
Correct answerB — Section 4 fixes the evidentiary value of certified copies, Section 5 shields non-party banks from being compelled to testify or produce books directly, and Section 6 provides the court-supervised mechanism for obtaining inspection or certified copies when needed
Explanation
Read together, these three sections form a coherent evidentiary scheme: Section 4 tells courts how much weight a certified copy carries, Section 5 protects the bank (as a stranger to most disputes) from unnecessary personal production/testimony burdens, and Section 6 supplies the structured, judicially supervised process by which a litigant can nonetheless obtain the bank's certified copies or inspect entries when genuinely needed for their case.
MCQ 70Copyright Ordinance, 1962
Under Section 2(t), what defines a 'Pakistani work'?
A literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work whose author is a citizen of Pakistan, and includes a cinematographic work or record made or manufactured in Pakistan
Any work registered with the Copyright Office, regardless of the author's nationality
Any work translated into Urdu
Any work first published anywhere in the world by a Pakistani publisher
Correct answerA — A literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work whose author is a citizen of Pakistan, and includes a cinematographic work or record made or manufactured in Pakistan
Explanation
Section 2(t) ties 'Pakistani work' status to author citizenship for literary/dramatic/musical/artistic works, while extending the concept to cinematographic works and records based on the place of making/manufacture rather than authorship — a nationality-based classification relevant to provisions like Section 36 and Section 37's compulsory/translation licence mechanisms, which are generally available to citizens or persons domiciled in Pakistan.
